ES 课程示例文档
在将关系数据库中的数据导入 Elasticsearch 以实现高效搜索的过程中，本文展示了如何使用 Java 集成 PostgreSQL 和 Elasticsearch。通过创建索引、批量导入数据、以及构建复杂查询，我们能够实现对大量课程数据的快速检索和分析。此方法不仅提高了数据查询的效率，还为用户提供了更为灵活的搜索功能，适用于需要处理大规模数据集的应用场景。
表结构和数据
首先，我们创建一个 PostgreSQL 表 rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall 来存储 2024 年秋季学期的课程信息。以下是该表的结构定义：
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall";
CREATE TABLE "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" (
"id" "pg_catalog"."int8" NOT NULL,
"term" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"section" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"section_url" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"class_number" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"mode_of_instruction" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"course_title" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"satisfies" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"units" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"type" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"days" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"times" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"instructor" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"instructor_email" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"location" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"dates" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"open_seats" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"notes" "pg_catalog"."text" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"source_url" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"remark" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",
"creator" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" DEFAULT ''::character varying,
"create_time" "pg_catalog"."timestamp" NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
"updater" "pg_catalog"."varchar" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" DEFAULT ''::character varying,
"update_time" "pg_catalog"."timestamp" NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
"deleted" "pg_catalog"."int2" NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
"tenant_id" "pg_catalog"."int8" NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
接下来，向该表中插入 10 条样例数据：
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123425030148, 'Fall 2024', 'AAS 1 (Section 07)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=1&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '47613', 'In Person', 'Introduction to Asian American Studies', 'GE: F', '3.0', 'LEC', 'TR', '01:30PM-02:45PM', 'Lawrence Lan', 'mailto:lawrence.lan@sjsu.edu', 'HGH122', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '0', '', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123429224456, 'Fall 2024', 'AAS 25 (Section 04)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=25&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '49445', 'Fully Online', 'The Changing Majority: Power and Ethnicity in America', 'GE: F', '3.0', 'LEC', 'TBA', 'TBA', 'Bobby Seals', 'mailto:bobby.m.seals@sjsu.edu', 'ONLINE', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '26', 'FULLY ONLINE - NO designated day/time meetings (TBA). May utilize Canvas. More info at sjsu.edu/ecampus', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123433418757, 'Fall 2024', 'AAS 33A (Section 05)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=33A&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '47647', 'In Person', 'Asian Americans in U.S. History I', 'GE: D', '3.0', 'LEC', 'TR', '03:00PM-04:15PM', 'Lawrence Lan', 'mailto:lawrence.lan@sjsu.edu', 'HGH122', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '0', '', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123433418763, 'Fall 2024', 'AAS 33B (Section 02)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=33B&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '47661', 'In Person', 'Asian Americans in U.S. History II', 'GE: D+US', '3.0', 'LEC', 'MW', '04:30PM-05:45PM', 'Soo Choi', 'mailto:soo.choi@sjsu.edu', 'DMH358', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '0', 'PV - Prerequisite courses required. See course description.', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123437613061, 'Fall 2024', 'AAS 180 (Section 41)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=180&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '41713', 'Fully Online', 'Individual Studies', '', '4.0', 'SUP', 'TBA', 'TBA', 'Staff', '', 'ONLINE', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '3', 'RC - Requires department release of permission number. RD - Requires department approval. RE - Requires negotiated agreements or contracts. Consult department. RO - Not available to Open University students. FULLY ONLINE - NO designated day/time meetings (TBA). May utilize Canvas. More info at sjsu.edu/ecampus', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123492139040, 'Fall 2024', 'ATH 12S (Section 01)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=ATH&filter%5B29%5D=12S&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '40020', 'In Person', 'Skills Development, Football', '', '1.0', 'ACT', 'TBA', 'TBA', 'Staff', '', '', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '0', '', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123492139041, 'Fall 2024', 'ATH 12S (Section 02)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=ATH&filter%5B29%5D=12S&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '40021', 'In Person', 'Skills Development, Football', '', '1.0', 'ACT', 'TBA', 'TBA', 'Staff', '', '', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '0', '', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123496333312, 'Fall 2024', 'ATH 12S (Section 03)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=ATH&filter%5B29%5D=12S&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '40022', 'In Person', 'Skills Development, Football', '', '1.0', 'ACT', 'TBA', 'TBA', 'Staff', '', '', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '0', '', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123496333313, 'Fall 2024', 'ATH 12S (Section 04)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=ATH&filter%5B29%5D=12S&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '40023', 'In Person', 'Skills Development, Football', '', '1.0', 'ACT', 'TBA', 'TBA', 'Staff', '', '', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '15', '', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
INSERT INTO "public"."rumi_sjsu_class_schedule_2024_fall" VALUES (415453123496333344, 'Fall 2024', 'ATH 44I (Section 01)', 'https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=ATH&filter%5B29%5D=44I&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382', '40054', 'In Person', 'Women''s Soccer', '', '1.0', 'ACT', 'TBA', 'TBA', 'Staff', '', '', '08/21/24-12/09/24', '22', '', 'https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php', NULL, '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', '', '2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585', 0, 0);
Elasticsearch 索引创建、数据导入和搜索
在此示例中，我们使用 Elasticsearch（ES）来创建索引、导入课程数据并执行搜索操作。为了实现这些功能，我们使用了 Java 编写的 SjsuClassScheduleEsService 服务类。
1. 创建 Elasticsearch 索引
首先，我们需要在 Elasticsearch 中创建一个索引来存储课程数据。索引的名称与数据库表名一致。以下是创建索引的方法： import
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.delete.DeleteIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.support.master.AcknowledgedResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.BoolQueryBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
import com.litongjava.db.activerecord.Db;
import com.litongjava.db.activerecord.Page;
import com.litongjava.db.activerecord.Row;
import com.litongjava.db.activerecord.SqlPara;
import com.litongjava.es.client.Elastic;
import com.litongjava.tio.utils.hutool.StrUtil;
import com.litongjava.tio.utils.json.FastJson2Utils;
public void createIndex() {
CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest(indexName);
request.settings(Settings.builder().put("index.max_result_window", 10000000));
request.source("{}", XContentType.JSON);
RestHighLevelClient client = Elastic.getClient();
try {
CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
log.info("Index created: " + createIndexResponse.index());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
在创建索引时，我们配置了索引的最大结果窗口 (index.max_result_window) 以支持更大规模的数据查询。
2. 导入数据库记录到 Elasticsearch
接下来，我们从数据库中提取所有课程记录，并将其批量导入到 Elasticsearch 中。为了优化导入性能，我们采用分页查询，每次处理 1000 条记录：
public void importRecords() {
Long count = Db.countTable(indexName);
long round = count / 1000 + 1;
for (int i = 0; i < round; i++) {
String sql = "select * from " + indexName + " order by id";
SqlPara sqlPara = SqlPara.by(sql);
int pageNo = i + 1;
Page<Row> page = Db.paginate(pageNo, 1000, sqlPara);
List<Row> list = page.getList();
BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();
log.info("start:" + pageNo);
for (Row r : list) {
IndexRequest source = new IndexRequest(indexName)
.id(r.getLong("id").toString())
.source(FastJson2Utils.toJson(r.toMap()), XContentType.JSON);
bulkRequest.add(source);
}
log.info("finish:" + pageNo);
BulkResponse bulk = Elastic.bulk(bulkRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
log.info("bulk:{}", bulk);
}
}
3. 在 Elasticsearch 中搜索课程数据
我们可以通过关键词搜索 Elasticsearch 中的课程数据。搜索方法接受分页参数和搜索关键字，构建查询条件并执行搜索：
public List<Map<String, Object>> search(int pageNo, int pageSize, String key) {
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(indexName);
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().trackTotalHits(true);
BoolQueryBuilder boolQuery = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();
if (StrUtil.isNotEmpty(key)) {
boolQuery.must(QueryBuilders.queryStringQuery(key));
}
sourceBuilder.query(boolQuery);
sourceBuilder.from((pageNo - 1) * pageSize);
sourceBuilder.size(pageSize);
searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse search = Elastic.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
SearchHit[] hits = search.getHits().getHits();
List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<>(hits.length);
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();
list.add(sourceAsMap);
}
return list;
}
这段代码的主要功能是从 Elasticsearch 中搜索数据，并返回符合条件的结果。为了实现这一点，代码使用了 SearchSourceBuilder 和 BoolQueryBuilder 来构建搜索查询，下面是具体的解释：
BoolQueryBuilder 和 sourceBuilder 的作用
BoolQueryBuilder的作用：BoolQueryBuilder是 Elasticsearch 中用于构建布尔查询的工具类。布尔查询允许我们结合多个查询条件（例如must、should、must_not等），来实现复杂的查询逻辑。- 在这段代码中，
boolQuery被用来构建搜索条件。如果key参数非空，代码使用queryStringQuery(key)来进行模糊查询，并将其添加到boolQuery中的must子句中。这意味着如果key非空，Elasticsearch 将在所有字段中查找包含该关键字的记录。
SearchSourceBuilder的作用：SearchSourceBuilder是 Elasticsearch 中用来构建查询请求的类。它允许我们指定查询的条件、分页信息、排序规则、返回的字段等。- 在代码中，
sourceBuilder被用来定义查询的各个部分。首先，它将前面创建的boolQuery设置为查询条件，然后通过from和size方法指定分页信息，即从第几条记录开始 (from) 和返回多少条记录 (size)。 sourceBuilder.trackTotalHits(true)的作用是确保查询返回的结果能够追踪到总的匹配数量，这对于分页查询很重要，因为它可以让我们知道总共有多少条记录符合查询条件。
为什么需要 BoolQueryBuilder 和 sourceBuilder？
灵活性和可扩展性： 使用
BoolQueryBuilder可以很容易地构建复杂的查询条件。如果以后需要添加更多的查询条件（例如筛选特定字段），可以轻松地将这些条件添加到BoolQueryBuilder中。分页支持：
SearchSourceBuilder提供了分页查询的功能，通过from和size方法，可以轻松控制查询的起始位置和返回的记录数量。这使得大规模数据查询的性能得到了优化。易于维护： 将查询逻辑与查询构建分离有助于代码的可维护性。
BoolQueryBuilder负责构建复杂的查询条件，而SearchSourceBuilder负责管理整个查询请求的配置。这种分离使得代码更易于理解和扩展。
总结来说，BoolQueryBuilder 用于构建复杂的查询条件，而 SearchSourceBuilder 用于组织这些条件并配置查询请求的其他选项（如分页）。这两个类的结合使得 Elasticsearch 的搜索功能强大且灵活，能够满足各种查询需求。
4.删除索引
public void deleteIndex() {
RestHighLevelClient client = Elastic.getClient();
DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest(indexName);
try {
AcknowledgedResponse deleteIndexResponse = client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
if (deleteIndexResponse.isAcknowledged()) {
log.info("Index {} deleted successfully.", indexName);
} else {
log.warn("Index {} deletion not acknowledged.", indexName);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("Error deleting index {}: {}", indexName, e.getMessage());
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
具体工作流程
- 创建 PostgreSQL 表和插入数据：首先，我们创建了一个数据库表并插入课程数据。此表将作为课程信息的存储库。
- 创建 Elasticsearch 索引：通过 Java 服务类中的
createIndex()方法，我们在 Elasticsearch 中创建了一个索引，来存储课程信息。 - 导入数据到 Elasticsearch：从数据库中分页提取课程数据，并通过批量请求将其导入 Elasticsearch 索引中。这一步确保了大规模数据的高效导入。
- 搜索功能：通过
search()方法，用户可以在 Elasticsearch 中查询课程信息，支持模糊搜索和分页查询。
通过以上步骤，我们成功地将课程数据导入 Elasticsearch 并实现了基本的搜索功能。
测试
package com.litongjava.open.chat.services;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.litongjava.jfinal.aop.Aop;
import com.litongjava.open.chat.config.DbConfig;
import com.litongjava.open.chat.config.ElasticSearchConfig;
import com.litongjava.tio.utils.environment.EnvUtils;
import com.litongjava.tio.utils.json.JsonUtils;
public class SjsuClassScheduleEsServiceTest {
@Test
public void test() {
EnvUtils.load();
new DbConfig().config();
new ElasticSearchConfig().config();
SjsuClassScheduleEsService sjsuClassScheduleEsService = Aop.get(SjsuClassScheduleEsService.class);
sjsuClassScheduleEsService.createIndex();
sjsuClassScheduleEsService.importRecords();
List<Map<String, Object>> lists = sjsuClassScheduleEsService.search(1, 10, "AAS 1");
System.out.println(JsonUtils.toJson(lists));
}
@Test
public void searchLawrenceLan() {
// Lawrence Lan
EnvUtils.load();
new DbConfig().config();
new ElasticSearchConfig().config();
SjsuClassScheduleEsService sjsuClassScheduleEsService = Aop.get(SjsuClassScheduleEsService.class);
List<Map<String, Object>> lists = sjsuClassScheduleEsService.search(1, 10, "Lawrence Lan");
System.out.println(JsonUtils.toJson(lists));
}
}
返回的结果
[
{
"class_number": "47607",
"tenant_id": 0,
"notes": "",
"section": "AAS 1 (Section 01)",
"units": "3.0",
"type": "LEC",
"source_url": "https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php",
"updater": "",
"times": "09:00AM-10:15AM",
"update_time": "2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585",
"instructor_email": "mailto:joanne.rondilla@sjsu.edu",
"satisfies": "GE: F",
"term": "Fall 2024",
"id": "415453123420835840",
"section_url": "https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=1&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382",
"creator": "",
"create_time": "2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585",
"mode_of_instruction": "In Person",
"course_title": "Introduction to Asian American Studies",
"dates": "08/21/24-12/09/24",
"deleted": 0,
"instructor": "Joanne Rondilla",
"open_seats": "0",
"days": "MW",
"location": "DMH358"
},
{
"class_number": "47608",
"tenant_id": 0,
"notes": "",
"section": "AAS 1 (Section 02)",
"units": "3.0",
"type": "LEC",
"source_url": "https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php",
"updater": "",
"times": "10:30AM-11:45AM",
"update_time": "2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585",
"instructor_email": "mailto:joanne.rondilla@sjsu.edu",
"satisfies": "GE: F",
"term": "Fall 2024",
"id": "415453123420835841",
"section_url": "https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=1&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382",
"creator": "",
"create_time": "2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585",
"mode_of_instruction": "In Person",
"course_title": "Introduction to Asian American Studies",
"dates": "08/21/24-12/09/24",
"deleted": 0,
"instructor": "Joanne Rondilla",
"open_seats": "1",
"days": "MW",
"location": "DMH358"
},
{
"class_number": "47609",
"tenant_id": 0,
"notes": "",
"section": "AAS 1 (Section 03)",
"units": "3.0",
"type": "LEC",
"source_url": "https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php",
"updater": "",
"times": "03:00PM-04:15PM",
"update_time": "2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585",
"instructor_email": "mailto:joanne.rondilla@sjsu.edu",
"satisfies": "GE: F",
"term": "Fall 2024",
"id": "415453123425030144",
"section_url": "https://catalog.sjsu.edu/content.php?filter%5B27%5D=AAS&filter%5B29%5D=1&cur_cat_oid=15&navoid=5382",
"creator": "",
"create_time": "2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585",
"mode_of_instruction": "In Person",
"course_title": "Introduction to Asian American Studies",
"dates": "08/21/24-12/09/24",
"deleted": 0,
"instructor": "Joanne Rondilla",
"open_seats": "0",
"days": "MW",
"location": "CL234"
},
{
"class_number": "47610",
"tenant_id": 0,
"notes": "",
"section": "AAS 1 (Section 04)",
"units": "3.0",
"type": "LEC",
"source_url": "https://www.sjsu.edu/classes/schedules/fall-2024.php",
"updater": "",
"times": "12:00PM-01:15PM",
"update_time": "2024-08-20 13:23:10.434585",
"instructor_email": "mailto:saugher.nojan@sjsu.edu",
"satisfies": "GE: F",
"term": "Fall 2024",
"id": "415453123425030145",
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